Technology and Crime - 2530 Words

Criminal Law Research Paper Whenever a new technology is found, like a double-edged sword, it often brings both more convenient life and possibility of danger in which potential exploitation of gap that might occur in its initial developing stage. For the past 20 years, computer related technologies and industry have been continuously advancing at radical speeds that greatly changed our way of life. The introduction of internet and digitalization of data has saved us enormous time and work required otherwise would have been wasted. On the other hand, however, it aided whole new types of property offences that are distinct from traditional ones to arise which posses’ difficulties in dealing with them by traditional way of approaching†¦show more content†¦In order to regulate these treats, the definition of property has been extended to ones that take forms of electronic data and even to intellectual ones. By recognising such properties it is now possible to identify the damage incurred and the v ictim which enables us to enforce the traditional doctrine of property offences approach. To reward the victims for the damages they suffered under the civil law and to prosecute the offender and enforce penalties under the criminal law. ::Types of new offences:: Hacking and intrusion into a computer system is the most common form of computer based crime, hackers usually commit this offence in order to gain confidential information or to inspect the level of security measures in place for preparation of other offence[5]. Rarely, some hackers attempt to break into a system that’s guarded by strong security system and damage the system itself just to demonstrate the ability of him or her self. This kind of act is also known as electronic vandalism[6]. The next most common offence is the intellectual property offences such as breaching copy rights by making illegal duplicate of intellectual property, for example, books, movies, music and games. This type of offence is becoming more and more ordinary as the fast broadband internet access’s being available to most of the households enabling such illegally copied materials to be circulated and distributed at fast rate even crossingShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Its Effect On Information Crimes1606 Words   |  7 Pages With the widespread growth of technology, application security is increasingly becoming more and more popular. This growth has a direct effect on information crimes, which are being conducted in new and changing ways. Understanding the issues surrounding information crimes and providing simple but effective security models are key. As developers attempt to keep up with this widespread growth, proper security implementation can sometimes slip through the cracks. Insecure applications can causeRead MoreUse of Technology to Fight Crime Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesWe can count on technology to benefit us in many ways, one way being as a crime-fighting tool. No, science has not yet built us a Robocop and we cannot see into the future. Not yet anyways. But science and technology have given us many other incredible and powerful crime-fighting/solving mechanisms. It is not surprising that technological advances are being utilized all over the country, as well as the world, to fight cri me by deterring criminals as well as catching them after the act. ThroughoutRead MoreEssay on Computer Crime: Technology and Cyberspace1343 Words   |  6 PagesA major part of the world today revolves around technology and cyberspace. Almost every day one will use a type of computer in some way, whether it is work related or if it is for personal use such as social networking. Another thing occurring on a daily basis is criminals committing either trivial or major crimes; so it is not hard to imagine that these two actions would start to syndicate into one. Cyber-crime is defined as â€Å"unauthorized use of a computer for personal gain† (Dictionary.com), butRead MoreComputer Technology And Its Impact On Computer Crime1296 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Cyberwarfare is the use of computer technology to disrupt the activities of a state or organization, especially the deliberate attacking of information systems for strategic or military purposes† (Oxford Dictionary, 201 6). While this definition may seem fitting on a global basis the idea of cybercrime can encompass any valuable information of an individual, company, government, or military entity. The term hacker came about in the early 80’s defining a coup of people where were proficient at manipulatingRead MoreThe Role of Dna Technology in Crime Investigation5441 Words   |  22 Pageseasy creation of phylogenetic trees based on comparing individual samples of DNA. Due to its relatively low cost and ease of set-up and operation, AmpFLP remains popular in lower income countries. DNA family relationship analysis Using PCR technology, DNA analysis is widely applied to determine genetic family relationships such as paternity, maternity, siblingship and other kinships. During conception, the father’s sperm cell and the mother’s egg cell, each containing half the amount ofRead More Technology and Science Unite: Solving Crimes Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology and Science Unite: Solving Crimes The focus of this paper will be on the development of forensics in the criminal justice profession, both past and present. The main focus will be on the roll technology has played in the updating and improvements in the field of DNA study, fingerprinting, and the newest concern of forensic teams, computer crimes. All levels of law enforcement depend on the technological improvements in forensics in one form or another. From the FBI to local police departmentsRead MoreTechnology Has Made Crime Easier For Hackers Essay1686 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology has evolved into this magnificent power of communication around the world but everything that is good also comes with a down side. Even though it is a great improvement to this world it is also ironically the best accomplice for a crime. Technology has increased the number of hackers all around the world, there are multiple types of hackers which include social media hackers, security hackers, Spy, foreign hackers etc. but the most co mmonly used is Identity hacker. Identity theft has becomeRead MoreThe Type Of Technology Necessary For Accurate Crime Analysis921 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the type of technology necessary for accurate crime analysis. I will explain at least four methods of collecting, storing, and retrieving information needed for crime analysis. I will provide examples to support the importance of each method selected. In conclusion, I will detail the benefits of crime analysis to the community. Crime analysis is a tactic that police officers need in order to enhance their prevention, investigation, and apprehension skills (Foster, 2013). Crime analysis is aRead MoreThe Impact of Technology on Law Enforcement and Organized Crime2646 Words   |  11 PagesOrganized crime involves the illicit flow of goods and services in one direction and the flow of the profits of crime in the other. Technology has created much change in the way organized crime groups conduct operations. It has also caused law enforcement organizations to evolve and use a variety of techniques and methods to effectively combat organized crime groups. In order for law enforcement to effectively target and prosecute these groups they must adapt as the organized crime groups haveRead More Technology Assessment on GIS and Crime Mapping Essay1783 Words   |  8 PagesTechnology Assessment on GIS and Crime Mapping Introduction The role of law enforcement agencies is to â€Å"serve and protect† society. The advancement in technology has improved their role by providing many opportunities for law enforcement agencies to collect and analyze data at crime scenes and in the crime labs more efficiently and more accurately. Another way technology has entered the law enforcement field is in the form of crime mapping through the use of geographic information science

How Does Language Affect Gender Inequality - 1572 Words

The English language has been used to convey meaning and purpose to individuals within society. The development of language as a reflection of the structure and hierarchy of society is believed to give purpose and place members within the community. Over time, what has been understood to be experienced is the way in which it may be construed to posit one gender over another. One example is the way in which language can be used to position females in a lesser or subordinate role. This essay will argue that language continues to be used to create gender inequality. Doing this through a process of stereotyping and social construction, females are placed in a less important role to that of males. Thus positing males in a ruling or patriarchal position over females. The essay will do this by reviewing the history of language in Australia, the Suffragette movement and Gender-Fair Language. Women were ranked as second class citizens at the establishment of Australia as a colony. As Hassan expressed it, â€Å"From the very onset, convict women had three possible roles open to them: whore, indentured worker, wife/mistress or a combination of these† (Hassan, 2012). Language has been considered to be used to assign a lesser degree of significance to women than to men; where gender specific masculine and feminine words are used to describe the work provided by women as being lower or demeaning as compared to that of a man. As an example of this there are such comparable words asShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality, Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism868 Words   |  4 PagesGender inequality refers to the inequality between men and women, or the unequal treatment or perception of a person based on his or her gender. Gender inequality is almost always prominent towards a female rather than towards a male. Women are seen as inferior to men in every country in the world. 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A Dannon Csr Case Study free essay sample

Like most startup companies, Dannon faced challenges as a company until several decades after, in 1988, when Dannon capitalized on the advantages of having an FDA approval that they had one of their first most successful product launches. Since then, Dannon have developed many novel yogurt products. In 1994, it conducted a strategic operational reorientation and started focusing more on the health benefits of its products. Like its parent company, Dannon thrives in the yogurt industry distributing various forms of yogurt products around the world, ranging from its Staples or Fruit Blends, to Light and Fit (a low calorie yogurt), Kids, and its most recent and most successful launch, Activia (a probiotic cultured yogurt). In spite of the worldwide popularity of yogurt products, Dannon discovered that it is not a core part of the American diet compared to their European counterpart, as demonstrated by the 2007 yogurt consumption statistics. With Dannon’s recent goal to grow the yogurt category and its relevance to the American market, its executives saw this opportunity as a high-potential growth. Thus, by the end of 2009 being at the strategic crossroads to become the U. S. market’s leading distributor of yogurt in the domestic sector, Dannon’ senior director of public relations, Michael Neuwirth, wondered if the company’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) might have a role in this venture. To study the perspectives of the company’s stakeholders regarding the idea, he posed several questions which consisted of: 1. Should we communicate Dannon’s CSR activities? 2. What would be the best means to do so? 3. Should it be a corporate-level or brand-level campaign? 4. What would Danone think about this decision? 5. What would be the implications on Dannon’s current CSR initiatives? 6. What, if anything, would it require in terms of additional CSR programs? (Marquis et al. , 2011, p. 2). Six of Dannon key leaders whom Neuwirth consulted with were (1) Alessandro Arosio, Senior Director of Marketing, (2) Jon Pollock, Brand Manager, (3) Marc Jove, Senior Vice President of Marketing, (4) Claudia Sargent, Director of Media, (5) Tony Cicio, Vice President of Human Resources, and (6) Gayle Binney, Manager of Corporate Responsibility and The Dannon Institute. Each of them shared valuable views of the possible risks and benefits of using CSR as a tool in repositioning the company in the American market. The Debate: To Communicate or Not to Communicate Dannon’s CSR Dannon pride itself not just for its CSR activities, but especially for maintaining a â€Å"humble† corporate profile by keeping its CSR efforts â€Å"internal†. According to Tony Cicio, this is the key in maintaining its authenticity, demonstrating that it is done for the right reasons. In this regard, Dannon’s stakeholders have enumerated several risks and benefits if they were to tie-in marketing efforts with its CSR activities. These benefits include: a) Communicating Dannon’s CSR programs will demonstrate consistency in its marketing message and increase consumer confidence. Alessandro Arosio, Senior Marketing Director. (Marquis et al. , 2011, p. 9). b) Communicating its nutrition-based CSR efforts can bolster the Dannon brand as the nutrition expert, thus aligning its business with its social mission. Jon Pollock, Brand Manager. (Marquis et al. , 2011, p. 10). c) Still focused on its nutritional benefits, communicating Dannon’s CSR can develo p a more personal engagement by demonstrating that the company care about what their consumers also care about, which in turn can build more credibility. Claudia Sargent, Director of Media. Marquis et al. , 2011, p. 11-12). d) If communicated through a well-thought out campaign, it can help distinguish Danone’s and Dannon’s connection as a company and commitment to health and nutrition which can generate the external credit it has long deserved from its covert CSR efforts. Gayle Binney, CSR Manager. (Marquis et al. , 2011, p. 13). Although communicating Dannon’s CSR programs may have some clear benefits, based on careful analysis of the stakeholders, several redundant themes on its risks had also been identified. Two of these risks identified by Arosio were; (1) First, since Dannon provided intangible benefits, it will be difficult to measure its return on investment (ROI), and (2) if the consumers are not clear on which company had been promoting the publicized CSR programs, its competitors could take advantage of a potential halo effect which poses a potential loss on investment for Dannon (Marquis et al. , 2011, p. 9). Pollock added that in terms of its ROI measurability and cost for making such an investment, his concerns were if the idea would only become a sacrifice for short-term profitability with not much promise of a long-term value (Marquis et al. , 2011, p. 10). Sargent, on the other hand, emphasized that Dannon’s benefits were brand specific and that the communication should be done on a brand-campaign basis so that reallocating the funds for such a campaign does not take away from its current focus. Furthermore, she implied that the â€Å"current skepticism around â€Å"green- washing† and †pink-washing,† practices may disingenuously emphasize the social and environmental benefits† of its CSR programs (Marquis et al. , 2011, p. 12). Being Dannon’s CSR Manager, Binney’s concerns pointed directly to the complexity of using the company’s CSR programs as a marketing message where it will require a carefully structured campaign that can clearly articulate what Dannon has done and distinguish it from its parent company’s contributions. While Arosio, Pollock, Sargent, and Binney were able to point out both the positive and negative sides of communicating the company’s CSR efforts, Jove, Vice President of Marketing, and Cicio, Vice president of Human Resources, did not have any reservations in voicing out the true risks of the idea. According to Jove, since the U. S. population is still an emerging market for yogurt, the timing for communicating Dannon’s CSR as a marketing message would be premature. He knew very well that the current challenge is to get the American consumers to â€Å"want yogurt first† before making them â€Å"want Dannon†. Jove quoted, â€Å"I cannot put the chariot in front of the horse. First is product. Then we can enrich it with community and social activities. † (Marquis et al. , 2011, p. 11). Alongside Jove opposition to the idea, Cicio’s main concerns communicated its potential â€Å"moral dilemma†. He reminded Neuwirth of the bold conflict that the idea can bring by mixing CSR concepts as a marketing effort and potentially damaging the authenticity of its CSR programs. Cicio summed up his perspective and clearly pointed out that overadvertising can create backlash and will only result in losing the company’s overall credibility. Indisputably, there are advantages to Neuwirth’s idea of using Dannon’s CSR activities to bolster its marketing effort; however, there are also strong and valid oppositions for such a campaign. Contrary to what he was expecting out of the discussions, these substantial underpinnings put Neuwirth back into the drawing board in making the choice whether to proactively communicate Dannon’s CSR efforts or not. The difference in this instance, however, is that he is now equipped with valuable information prior to choosing which direction to go. A Chip of the Old Block: Impacts of a Corporate Parent Danone first entered the U. S. n 1941 and introduced yogurt to the American market as its first product during its inception. After sixty-seven years of success in the industry, it is now the parent company of three business; the Dannon Milk Products, Inc. , Danone Waters of America, and Stonyfield. Its management encouraged and trusted local decision making, thus its local executives were given full responsibility for the management of its country-based business units’ (CBUs) profit and losses. Similarly, the specific taste profiles of its products were adapted from its CBU following its main scientific formula which was created at its headquarters. As its wholly owned subsidiary, Dannon’s fiduciary duties to Danone include meeting annual targets for profitability, and providing reports for its operating free cash flow, manufacturing safety, and environmental sustainability. Since Danone provided the leadership training to all its subsidiaries to ensure cultural cohesion, Dannon’s company values is patterned from its parent company’s acronym as well: HOPE (humanism, openness, proximity, and enthusiasm). By doing so, as Cicio indicated, Dannon is able to fulfill its responsibility to the parent company by living its values and deliver financial return. In terms of its CSR activities, Danone follows three main themes: nutrition and health, nature, and people. Again as a subsidiary, Dannon is encouraged by its parent company to capitalize on these key themes as the foundation of its own CSR initiatives (The Dannon Company, Inc. , 2007; Marquis et al. , 2011). Accordingly, the nutrition and health initiative, as the heading implied, is dedicated in promoting and communicating the link between nutrition and good health. Dannon’s biggest project in this realm is the creation of the nonprofit organization named the U. S. Dannon Institute. The institute, directed by Virginia A. Stallings, aimed to promote health and nutrition through leadership and awareness programs. As a result of its successful activities, Dannon was given the Focus on the Future Humanitarian Award in 2008 for its contributions to nutrition education over 10 years. In addition to the programs from the institute, Dannon also made efforts to make healthy eating accessible for every socioeconomic group by providing schools with an affordable nutrient-rich food for students. Moreover, Dannon also donated its surplus products to Feeding America as a charity to aid in relieving domestic hunger. Another successful charitable venture by Dannon is the Dannon Next Generation Nutrition Grants whose mandate is to help teach children and their families about healthy lifestyles to combat childhood obesity. Also in 2008, Dannon joined the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative in support of directing all advertisements for children under age 12 to meet the key nutritional guidelines reviewed and approved by the Council of Better Business Bureaus (Marquis et al. , 2011, p. 8). On the other hand, Dannon’s people initiatives focused on supporting local community organizations through volunteerism and donations. Part of this initiative also included enriching the health and well-being of its employees through the development and utilization of comprehensive work-life wellness programs. Consequently, the nature initiatives focused on identifying and reducing the company’s environmental footprint. A successful program that carried this duty is the Dannon’s cross-functional Green Obsession, formed and sustained by its own employees. Another program within the nature initiatives is the administering of the Carbon Footprint Analysis that measured the amount of carbon generated by its products throughout its lifetime. As have been demonstrated, having a parent company served as the umbrella in all of Dannon’s operations; from the management of its fiscal responsibilities, to the corporate values in which Dannon uses as its operational cornerstone, and more importantly, Dannon’s CSR initiatives are but a mere shadow of its parent company despite its independently managed programs. In retrospect, Binney shared really valid points about making sure that if Dannon does come to a conclusion of communicating its CSR activities, that it should be handled and articulated strategically so that it distinguishes Danone from Dannon’s CSR image. A Final Touch: The Communication Strategy In hindsight of the major risks and benefits of Neuwirth’s idea to expand Dannon’s market territory in the U. S. through the externalization of its CSR efforts, as identified by its stakeholders, whichever direction the company decided to partake is guaranteed to change the course of Dannon’s position in the U. S. market. In Neuwirth’s mind, his philosophy boiled down to the health benefits that Dannon consumers will be able to enjoy regardless of the company’s choice, while the business growth and expansion will only be the â€Å"icing on top†. Therefore, in spite of Jove’s and Cicio’s prospects about the serious implications of mixing marketing with the externalization of Dannon’s CSR activities, there is a clear and truly favorable outcome which turns out to be the bottom line of the idea after all. In practical terms, there is are effective ways to structure the marketing message so that it complements Dannon’s CSR initiatives without risking a marketing backlash. One of the ways to accomplish this is by moving away from the top-down approach determined by the board and instead, using the bottom-up strategy established and created by its stakeholders (Battacharya, 2009). What the â€Å"bottom-up† strategy meant is wielding focus groups and other marketing research techniques that aimed to understand the deeper psychological needs of its stakeholders and capitalize on those key points by addressing them effectively. For example, if consumers can find a more personal relevance to a company’s responsibility initiatives that make them feel as a co-contributor of such activities regardless of their level of participation, they can draw personal pride and self-esteem by being affiliated with the socially responsible company, through direct efforts or otherwise. As it turned out, Dannon’s Give Hope with Every Cup campaign in 2010 followed just that. By partnering with the National Breast Cancer Foundation, Dannon was able to demonstrate that its two pillars of historical commitment, social and business, are not competitive with each other at all, but rather coexistent and are equally important (Marquis Thomason, 2011). Through its continued campaign, in 2012 Dannon was recognized as one of the 100 prominent global brands, and at the top in its category of consumer staples (Brandlogic, 2012). Additionally, the same report ranked Dannon as the leader in sustainability leadership (p. 16) which further supported that it’s social and business pillars are truly coexistent and are operationally effective together. Conclusion The Dannon Company Inc. , subsidiary of Danone, is one of the leading brands of yogurt distribution in the United States. It was initially introduced in the country by Isaac Carasso in 1949 as the Dannon Milk Products, Inc. in New York. Sixty-seven years later, it has reached its strategic crossroad to choose whether to reposition itself to become the top yogurt brand in the country or remain as a sub contender to its competition. In light of such a major corporate step, Dannon is faced with the dilemma of whether to communicate its CSR activities publicly as a marketing tool, pointed out by Michael Neuwirth, Senior Director of Dannon’s Public Relations. In order to make the best decision, Neuwirth presented his idea along with a set of questions to Dannon’s executive stakeholders to find out what their perspectives are regarding the subject. After a thorough discussion, he found himself even more confused than prior to the conversations as each of the executives provided him legitimate arguments identifying the two sides of the coin, enlisting the risks and benefits of externalizing the Dannon’s CSR programs. One of the major benefits that were identified is the possible increase in its credibility and confidence from its consumers should Dannon decide to communicate its CSR programs publicly. However, the main argument was the possible backlash and complications of mixing its marketing message with its CSR efforts, which according to Cicio, can possibly damage the authenticity of its CSR efforts. Nonetheless, there were several advantages and disadvantages that Neuwirth would clearly have to consider if he were to make the right decision. In conclusion, Neuwirth will have to consider the bottom line of his idea which is to put the consumers’ interest first by putting emphasis on the nutritional benefits of its products, and the corporate benefits should ollow afterwards. Apart from this, Neuwirth will need to device a strategic way to communicate Dannon’s CSR that does not stir up adverse effects if it were to be combined as a marketing tool; and that will distinguish it from its parent company. One way that this can be accomplished is by using a bottom-up approach and making the most out of knowing and addressing its stakeholder’s deeper needs first, specifically with its consumers and employees. By doing so, Dannon had positioned itself in a win-win-win situation. References Battacharya, C. B. (2009, November 20). Corporate social responsibility: Its all about marketing. Retrieved from http://www. forbes. com/2009/11/20/corporate-social-responsibility-leadership-citizenship-marketing. html Brandlogic. (2012). 2012 sustainability leadership report: Measuring perception vs. reality for 100 prominent global brands. Retrieved from http://www. sustainabilityleadershipreport. com/downloads/2012Sustainability_leadership_report. pdf Marquis, C. , Shah, P. , Tolleson, A. , Thomason. , B. (2011, Spetember 28). The Dannon Company: Marketing and corporate social responsibility (a). Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA, 9-410-121, 1-23. Retrieved from https://cb. hbsp. harvard. edu/ cbmp/asset/19189805 Marquis, C. Thomason. , B. (2011, Spetember 28). The Dannon Company: Marketing and corporate social responsibility (b). Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA, 9-412-047, 1-7. Retrieved from https://cb. hbsp. harvard. edu/cbmp/asset/19189807 The Dannon Company, Inc. (2007). 2007 corporate social responsibility and sustainable development overview. Retrieved from http://www. dannon. com/pdf/ 2007DannonCSROverview. pdf